Application
of the Co-generation Technology in the Ukraine: Peculiarities
V.
Klimenko, Corresponding Member (NASU), Head of Department, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics (NASU), Ukraine.
In the last quarter of the 20th century in the heating and power engineering
sector of all industrially developed countries, the problems of the fuel efficiency and reduction in harmful pollution of the environment have
become to be the most important issues. One of the most effective ways of solving these problems is based on the usage of the co-generation
technologies for production of heat and electric power energy.
The
co-generation problems of the Ukraine and ways of solving them are similar
to those in the Western countries, such as Denmark. The similarities can
be found in the fields of the co-generation application, technological
processes and methods of their implementation. However, there are also
specific particularities associated with development of co-generation in
the Ukraine. First of all, the implementation of co-generation
technologies is initiated under the conditions of strong deficit of
domestic fuel resources accompanied with the crisis of power engineering
and economy in general. Secondly, heat and power generative enterprises in
the Ukraine are owned by the state. Finally, Ukraine does not have
legislature that encourage the development of technologies, which save the
energy, appropriate laws that regulate production and consumption of
energy by private firms. All these factors make the implementation of
co-generation technologies in the power engineering much more difficult in the Ukraine.
Among the peculiarities of heat and power engineering of the Ukraine that
contribute to the development of co-generation are: unique centralization
of the municipal heat supply system, great number of heat generative
technologies in industry and one of the most powerful in the world gas
transporting system by means of gas-turbine installations.
Considering the above-mentioned peculiarities, there have been proposed and elaborated
the principles of the co-generation development in Ukraine, potential
opportunities of implementation of the co-generation technologies in heat
supply, in industry and in gas transportation. The basic schemes of the
co-generation technologies have been worked out for different fields of
heat and power engineering, and the basic provisions of the concept of
co-generation development in the Ukraine have been formulated.
One of the main peculiarities of the co-generation development in the Ukraine
consists in construction of co-generation schemes on the basis of
unification of existing heat generation units (coppers, ovens, etc.) with
the power generative units. The implementation of this method actually
predetermines the usage of the schemes with incineration of fuel with
purpose of ensuring the nominal characteristics of the basic power
generative technologies and obtaining the maximum effect of the co-generation process.
For certain fields of heat and power engineering, there have been developed
the co-generation technologies on the basis of usage of gas-plunger
engines, gas-turbine engines and steam and gas units, there have been
determined the schemes of their most efficient application.
The potential of implementation of the co-generation power-generative
technologies in Ukraine is proportional to the capacity of the operating thermal power plants. Due to rather low capital investments, short terms
of re-compensation and easy building, the usage of co-generation can be
the great step to solving the energy problems in the Ukraine.